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The 19th Army was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army, formed in 1941 and active during the Second World War. It was disbanded in 1945 or 1947. ==First formation== The army was first formed in June 1941 in the North Caucasus Military District under the command of General Lieutenant Ivan Koniev. Division Commissar I.P. Sheklanov became Member of the Army's Military Soviet. Initially the army consisted of * 25th Rifle Corps (127th Rifle Division, 134th Rifle Division, and 162nd Rifle Division) * 34th Rifle Corps (129th Rifle Division, 158th Rifle Division, and 171st Rifle Division) * 38th Rifle Division * 442nd Corps Artillery Regiment * 471st Corps Artillery Regiment * and other units.〔http://www.orbat.com/site/ww2/drleo/012_ussr/41_oob/stavka-reserves/army_19.html〕 Sources disagree as to whether a Mechanized Corps, either the 25th or the 26th, was directly subordinate to the Army as well. Three weeks before the outbreak of war the 19th Army was sent by rail to Ukraine in the Cherkassy region. The army received orders from the People's Commissar for Defence, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, to defend the Kiev Fortified Region.〔(Memories of I.S. Koniev about operations of 19th Army in the Smolensk Battle )〕 From 25 June 1941, the Army was included into Group of Reserve Armies of the Highest Command (Stavka). The 19th Army was transferred by rail to Vitebsk, Rudnia, Smolensk. On 2 July, army was included into Western Front. The transfer by rail took more time than was expected. On 9 July the first units to arrive received orders to deny Vitebsk to the enemy and attack in the western direction and reach the western bank of Dvina.〔(Combat Report about 19th Army Operations from 9 July to 24 July 1941. ) Accessed 2009-09-08.〕〔(Archived ) Accessed 2009-09-10.〕 On the contrary, to the 11 July enemy brushed away Soviet forces from Vitebsk. On 11 July, the 19th Army was strengthened by 7th Mechanized Corps and on the next day attacked Vitebsk anew. At that time the enemy had the initiative. To the 16 July, German forces struck through Yartsevo to Smolensk. Three Soviet armies (16th, 20th and 19th) found themselves in the operational encirclement. On 14 July, 19th Army Headquarters received orders to transfer its troops to the 16th Army and to move to the Kardumovo region, and then Yartsevo. 19th Army Staff with great effort broke out of the encirclement near Wadino and received new divisions under its command. Those new forces took defensive positions on the river Vol. During August–September 1941, 19th Army took part in the Battle of Smolensk and tried to destroy the enemy Dukhowszczina group. In the middle of August army was strengthened with rifle, cavalry, tank division, two gun artillery regiments, three artillery divisions and two batteries of Rocket Artillery (Katyusha) additional from air army was protected by 43rd Mixed Aviation Division.〔( web article A. Trofimov Dukhovszczina Operation. ) Accessed 2009-09-08.〕〔(Archived ) Accessed 2009-09-10.〕 Despite this reinforcements the army was not able to perform its task. A new attack on 1 September on Smolensk was also unsuccessful. On 10 September, the army took defensive positions. On 12 September, I.S. Koniev became the commander of Western Front. New commander of 19th Army became General Lieutenant M.F. Lukin. In October 1941, forces of the 19th Army fought in the Vyazma Defensive operation (2–13 October). The army was surrounded by enemy forces southwest of Jelnya. In the middle of October part of the army fought its way out of the encirclement to the Mozhaisk defence line. The Army commander M.F. Lukin and Chief of Staff General Major W.F. Malyshkin became prisoners of War. The member of the Military Soviet of the Army Divisional Commissar I.P. Sheklanov died in action. General Lieutenant I.W. Boldin then took command, but soon afterwards the army was disbanded, on 20 October 1941. The army's chief of Staff was General Major P.N. Rubtsov, from June to July 1941, and then Colonel W.F. Malyschkin, who was promoted to General Major from October 1941.〔Voiennaja Istorija Gosiudarstava Rossijskovo w 30 tomach Vielikaja Otczestvennaja Diestvuszowaja Armija 1941-1945 Moskva Animi Fortiudo Kuczkovo pole 2005 page 80〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「19th Army (Soviet Union)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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